Eurasian Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences

Ethnobotanical Assessment of Osmaniye

Hüseyin Keskinbaş — 2026-06-30

This study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 to determine how the public in Osmaniye province benefits from naturally occurring plants. Twenty-two villages across Osmaniye province were visited, and face-to-face interviews were conducted. The study identified 125 taxa belonging to 57 families used for ethnobotanical purposes throughout the province. Including common use, the calculation that 207 different uses were made: 83 taxa for medicinal purposes, 56 for food, 13 taxa for timber, 13 taxa for miscellaneous items, 11 taxa for dyes, 8 taxa for animal feed, 8 taxa for fuel, 7 taxa for ornamental purposes, 6 taxa for cosmetics, and 2 taxa for adhesives.

A Microscopic and Molecular Investigation into the Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in Stray Dogs in the Bitlis Province

Ali Bilgin Yılmaz — 2026-06-30

Giardia duodenalis is a globally distributed flagellated protozoan parasite infecting the gastrointestinal tract of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. In dogs, infections are mainly associated with host-adapted assemblages C and D; however, the detection of zoonotic assemblages A and B in canine populations raises concerns regarding their possible role in the epidemiology of human giardiasis. Stray dogs may be particularly important in transmission dynamics because of their continuous exposure to contaminated environments and their potential to disseminate cysts in public areas. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of G. duodenalis in 100 stray dogs from Bitlis Province, Türkiye, using microscopic examination and nested PCR targeting the β-giardin gene. Giardia cysts were detected by the native method in 3.0% (3/100) of samples, whereas nested PCR detected G. duodenalis DNA in 5.0% (5/100) of samples, indicating a higher detection rate with molecular analysis. No statistically significant association was found between infection status and sex (p = 1.000) or age group (p = 0.386), although positivity was numerically higher in dogs aged 0–1 month. Sequence analysis of the five PCR-positive samples revealed assemblage B in two isolates, assemblage C in two isolates, and assemblage D in one isolate, with 99.54–100% similarity to GenBank reference sequences. The detection of zoonotic assemblage B, together with dog-adapted assemblages C and D, suggests that stray dogs in Bitlis may have both veterinary and public health significance from a One Health perspective.

Detection of Lice Species (Phthiraptera) Infesting Cattle in Van Province

Ali Bilgin Yılmaz — 2026-06-30

This study aimed to identify louse species infesting cattle in the Erciş, Muradiye, and Çaldıran districts of Van Province, Türkiye, and to determine animal-level infestation rates and sex distribution of collected lice. Between January and May 2025, 113 cattle from farms selected according to predefined criteria were clinically examined, and lice were collected from standardized body regions. Specimens were cleared in 10% KOH, dehydrated through a graded alcohol series, mounted in Canada balsam, and identified morphologically under a light microscope. Differences in infestation rates among districts and sex ratios were analyzed using the chi-square test. Of the 113 cattle examined, 52 were infested, giving an overall infestation rate of 46.02%. A total of 890 lice were collected, including 588 (66.07%) Bovicola bovis and 302 (33.93%) Linognathus vituli. The highest infestation rate was recorded in Erciş (59.52%), followed by Çaldıran (38.46%) and Muradiye (37.50%), but the difference among districts was not statistically significant (χ² = 4.915, df = 2, p = 0.086). Females were significantly more abundant than males in both B. bovis (χ² = 11.44, df = 1, p < 0.001) and L. vituli (χ² = 12.73, df = 1, p < 0.001). Clinical findings included pruritus (86.5%), dull coat and hair loss (73.1%), and dermatitis (42.3%). These findings indicate that cattle lice infestation remains common in Van Province, with B. bovis as the predominant species, and highlight the need for integrated control strategies.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Pteridium aquilinum Ethanol Extract on Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and A549 Cell Viability

Ali Erdem Şabik — 2026-06-30

This study investigated the antioxidant properties of Pteridium aquilinum ethanol extract, its inhibitory effect on cholinesterase enzymes, and its effect on the viability of A549 human lung cancer cells. Plant samples collected from Antalya province were dried and ground, then extracted using ethanol via the Soxhlet method. The oxidant-antioxidant profile of the extract was determined by total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) analyses. Anticholinesterase activity was examined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes using the Ellman method, with galantamine considered as the reference inhibitor. The effect on the viability of A549 cells was analyzed using the MTT method in the concentration range of 25–200 µg/mL. The TAS, TOS, and OSI values of P. aquilinum extract were determined as 3.177±0.024 mmol/L, 8.364±0.022 µmol/L, and 0.263±0.002, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of the extract against AChE and BChE enzymes were found to be 162.10±0.12 and 184.93±1.47 µg/mL, respectively, while these values were measured as 7.52±0.19 and 17.48±0.11 µg/mL for galantamine. Although the inhibitory effect of the extract on AChE was higher than on BChE, its activity against both enzymes remained lower than that of galantamine. MTT results showed that as the extract concentration increased, the metabolic activity of A549 cells decreased, with the most pronounced effect observed at 100 and 200 µg/mL applications. The findings revealed that P. aquilinum ethanol extract possesses measurable antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties and can reduce A549 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. However, due to the toxic components of the species, the observed biological activities need to be evaluated in conjunction with safety and selectivity analyses.

Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max) and Lactate Threshold (LT) in Recreationally Active Adults

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal But — 2026-06-30

This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate and compare the eight-week effects of HIIT versus MICT protocol on VO₂ max and LT in recreationally active young adults. Sixty recreationally active adults (30 male, 30 females; mean age: 22.4 ± 2.1 years; BMI: 23.6 ± 1.8 kg/m²) were randomly assigned across three parallel arms: HIIT (n = 20), MICT (n = 20), and a non-exercising control group (CON; n = 20). The HIIT protocol involved 4–6 work bouts of four minutes each at 85–95% of maximal heart rate (HRmax), separated by three-minute active recovery intervals at 50–60% HRmax, three sessions per week. MICT participants completed 40–60 minutes of uninterrupted cycling at 60–70% HRmax, equated to HIIT for caloric expenditure. VO₂max was measured via a graded exercise test (GXT) on a cycle ergometer, and LT was quantified through incremental blood lactate sampling at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1). Pre and posttest results were processed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-32) and thus suitable statistical tools were applied according to parametric data. Based on data analysis, the researcher arrived at conclusion that HIIT has significant effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, generating greater VO₂max gains than volume-matched MICT. Both protocols confer broadly comparable lactate threshold adaptations

Role of Early Detection Tools for Preventing Cardiac Arrest in Athletes

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt — 2026-06-30

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), the number one cause of death among athletes, is more frequent than in the general population. Conventional tests, including electrocardiography (ECG) and biomarker profiling, can identify risk but are also flawed. Nutrigenomics, which tailors’ nutrition based on genetic variation, has shown promise in sports medicine but remains underexplored in the prevention of cardiac risk. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining nutrigenomic-based personalized nutrition with early detection tools on cardiovascular health and performance in elite athletes. 50 elite athletes (30 male and 20 female) aged between 18-30 years participated in a prospective, longitudinal intervention over a period of 12 weeks. Baseline screening included ECG and echocardiography, as well as a biomarker screen (troponin, NT-proBNP, and CRP). Polymorphisms associated with cardiovascular risk and nutrient metabolism were detected by genotypic testing. Subjects were provided with a custom dietary prescription and tested supplements (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, Coenzyme O10, polyphenolics). Outcomes consisted of performance (VO₂ max, lactate threshold), recovery (HRV, creatine kinase), and cardiac markers. Statistics were performed through paired t-test and Repeated measures ANOVA (p <. 05). There were significant improvements in VO₂ max for athletes’ post-intervention (p = 0.002), lactate threshold (p = 0.001), and HRV (p = 0.004). Cardiac biomarkers reflected decreased myocardial strain, as evidenced by a decrease in troponin (p = .003) and NT-proBNP (p = .001). These results indicate improved cardiovascular performance, accelerated restoration capability, and diminution of subclinical cardiac load. Combining nutrigenomic-based nutrition with early detection modalities lowered cardiac risk factors and enhanced the performance of elite athletes. This dual strategy may be a means of prevention for SCA, and we would encourage the inclusion of adaptation in nutrition to regular cardiac testing as part of health monitoring programs for athletes.

The Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Pancreatitis: A Review

Şeyda Kaya — 2026-06-30

Hereditary pancreatitis, or HP, can be described as a rare genetic disorder that often presents with repeated occurrences of pancreatitis. This disorder is generally seen in children and adolescents. The genetic basis of HP has been studied in great detail, and as a result, researchers have discovered several important genes that are involved in the onset of the disease. Hereditary pancreatitis is mainly inherited through the autosomal dominant way, and the PRSS1 gene is the one that has been most often pointed out as the gene that is linked to HP. The PRSS1 gene is the one that codes for the trypsinogen enzyme. The mutations in the PRSS1 gene are probably the main factor responsible for the increased trypsin activity that is found before the manifestation of pancreatitis. In addition to PRSS1, alterations in other genes have also been revealed to be associated with HP. For instance, the SPINK1 gene, which produces the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, is also the frequently found partner with HP. Mutations found in SPINK1 can turn into an uncontrolled trypsin activity that can lead to an increased risk of pancreatitis. Mutations that are present in the CFTR gene, which is well-known in terms of its relationship with cystic fibrosis, have been shown to have a modifying effect on the risk of getting pancreatitis in individuals with HP. Certain CFTR variations, such as ΔF508 and G551D, have been linked to the development of other clinical problems. Moreover, there are some other rare genetic variants that are implied for HP and could have connections as well. It is important to understand the genetic aspect of HP for the purpose of early identification, genetic counseling, and targeted therapy development. More studies are necessary to elaborate on the complex relationship between the genetic variables and environmental factors related to the development of hereditary pancreatitis. In order to give the most precise overview of the entire literature, the semantic parsimony and eigenfactor-based query search approach were utilized.

Innovative Approaches to Predicting Metabolic Diseases Using Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Technologies

Bolat Seidanov — 2026-06-30

Contemporary approaches to predicting metabolic diseases – such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes – are increasingly grounded in bioinformatics methods, including genomic, metabolomic, and polygenic risk modeling, as well as machine learning and multi-omics data integration. This review highlights key trends in the field: the identification of genetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic biomarkers; the development of polygenic and multi-omics predictive models; the use of cohort and prospective studies; and methodological innovations aimed at improving accuracy and translational relevance. Particular emphasis is placed on machine learning approaches based on genetic and metabolomic data, exploring both their potential and limitations. Recent studies are discussed in which models incorporating genetic variation and dietary factors have achieved high predictive performance. Furthermore, the review examines how integrating “omics” data (genomics and metabolomics) with clinical features enhances prediction, captures inter-population variability, and enables responsiveness to lifestyle factors. Finally, future directions are outlined, including data standardization, increasing ethnic diversity in datasets, development of interpretable and clinically applicable models, and validation of intervention outcomes across independent cohorts.

The Role of Radiochemistry in the Development of Nuclear Medicine on The Treatment of Cancer in Kazakhstan

Dilara Sunakbaeva — 2026-06-30

development of nuclear medicine for oncological therapy in Kazakhstan. Radiochemistry is a fundamental scientific discipline that underpins the synthesis, production, and quality control of radionuclide compounds used for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Particular attention is given to key medical radionuclides such as Tc-99m, I-131, Lu-177, and Sm-153, as well as to promising isotopes applied in targeted radionuclide therapy and theranostics. Technological approaches to the development of radiopharmaceuticals are discussed, including labeling methods, quality standardization, isotope stability assurance, and their integration into clinical protocols for the treatment of various types of cancer. The article analyzes current clinical practices in Kazakhstan, including the use of PET/CT for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic efficacy, the implementation of radionuclide therapy, and precision targeted tumor treatment methods. Significant progress is noted in the expansion of the national radiochemical base, increased availability of radiopharmaceuticals, and the integration of international safety and quality standards. At the same time, key challenges are identified, including a limited number of qualified specialists, insufficient laboratory and production infrastructure, and the need to develop regulatory frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration among chemists, physicists, and medical professionals. Prospects for the development of nuclear medicine in Kazakhstan are associated with strengthening scientific infrastructure, expanding educational programs, introducing innovative radiochemical technologies, and integrating targeted therapy and theranostic approaches. A comprehensive strategy will enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment, and ensure alignment of national practice with international standards in the field of precision oncology.